v1.0

Микросервисы (API Gateway)

Nginx как API Gateway для нескольких микросервисов на разных портах

Пример конфига
nginx.conf
upstream auth_service {
    server 127.0.0.1:8001;
    keepalive 16;
}

upstream api_service {
    server 127.0.0.1:8002;
    keepalive 32;
}

upstream frontend_service {
    server 127.0.0.1:8003;
    keepalive 16;
}

upstream static_service {
    server 127.0.0.1:8004;
    keepalive 8;
}

# HTTP → HTTPS редирект
server {
    listen 80;
    listen [::]:80;
    server_name example.com;
    return 301 https://$host$request_uri;
}

# API Gateway
server {
    listen 443 ssl http2;
    listen [::]:443 ssl http2;
    server_name example.com;

    ssl_certificate     /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/fullchain.pem;
    ssl_certificate_key /etc/letsencrypt/live/example.com/privkey.pem;
    ssl_protocols TLSv1.2 TLSv1.3;
    ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:10m;
    ssl_session_timeout 1d;

    server_tokens off;
    client_max_body_size 10m;

    access_log /var/log/nginx/gateway-access.log combined;
    error_log  /var/log/nginx/gateway-error.log warn;

    add_header Strict-Transport-Security "max-age=31536000; includeSubDomains" always;
    add_header X-Frame-Options "SAMEORIGIN" always;
    add_header X-Content-Type-Options "nosniff" always;

    gzip on;
    gzip_vary on;
    gzip_comp_level 5;
    gzip_types text/plain text/css application/json application/javascript text/xml image/svg+xml;

    # Auth service
    location /api/auth/ {
        proxy_pass http://auth_service;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host              $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP         $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_set_header Connection        "";
        proxy_read_timeout 60s;
    }

    # Main API service
    location /api/ {
        proxy_pass http://api_service;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host              $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP         $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_set_header Connection        "";
        proxy_read_timeout 60s;
    }

    # Static assets service
    location /static/ {
        proxy_pass http://static_service;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host              $host;
        proxy_set_header Connection        "";
        expires 30d;
        add_header Cache-Control "public, immutable";
    }

    # Frontend service (catch-all)
    location / {
        proxy_pass http://frontend_service;
        proxy_http_version 1.1;
        proxy_set_header Host              $host;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP         $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For   $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;
        proxy_set_header Connection        "";
        proxy_read_timeout 60s;
    }

    error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root /usr/share/nginx/html;
    }
}
Как настроить
  1. Запустите каждый микросервис на своём порту: auth на 8001, api на 8002, frontend на 8003, static на 8004
  2. Порядок location блоков важен: более специфичные пути (/api/auth/) должны быть выше общих (/api/)
  3. Для добавления нового сервиса: добавьте upstream блок и соответствующий location
  4. Скопируйте конфиг в /etc/nginx/sites-available/example.com и активируйте
  5. Проверьте синтаксис и перезагрузите: nginx -t && systemctl reload nginx